[Code of Federal Regulations] [Title 26, Volume 10] [Revised as of April 1, 2004] From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access [CITE: 26CFR1.954-8] [Page 312-316] TITLE 26--INTERNAL REVENUE CHAPTER I--INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) PART 1_INCOME TAXES--Table of Contents Sec. 1.954-8 Foreign base company oil related income. (a) Foreign base company oil related income--(1) In general. Under section 954(g), the foreign base company oil related income of a controlled foreign corporation (except as provided under paragraph (b) of this section) consists of the items of foreign oil related income (``FORI'') described in section 907(c)(2) and (3), other than such income derived from a source within a foreign country in connection with-- (i) Oil or gas which was extracted from an oil or gas well located in that foreign country (``extraction exception''), or (ii) Oil, gas, or a primary product of oil or gas which is sold by the controlled foreign corporation or a related person for use or consumption within that country or is loaded in that country on a vessel or aircraft as fuel for the vessel or aircraft (``use or consumption exception''). A taxpayer claiming the use or consumption exception must establish its applicability on the basis of facts and circumstances. For special rules for applying the extraction exception, see paragraph (c) of this section. (2) Source of income. The source of foreign base company oil related income is determined generally under the principles of Sec. Sec. 1.861- 1 to 1.863-5. See Sec. 1.863-6. Thus, income from the performance of a service generally is sourced in the country where the service is performed. See Sec. 1.861-4. Underwriting income from insuring a foreign oil related activity is sourced at the location of the risk. See section 861(a)(7) and Sec. 1.953-2. (3) Primary product. The term ``primary product'' of oil or gas has the meaning given this term by Sec. 1.907(c)-1(d)(5) and (6). (4) Vessel. For the definition of the term ``vessel'', see Sec. 1.954-6(b)(3)(ii). (5) Foreign country. For purposes of this section, the term ``foreign country'' has the same meaning as in section 638 (relating to continental shelf areas). Thus, for example, oil or gas extracted from a sea area will be deemed to be extracted in the country which has exclusive rights of exploitation of natural resources with respect to that area if the other conditions of section 638 are met. (6) Country of use or consumption. For rules for determining the country of use or consumption, see Sec. 1.954-3(a)(3)(ii). (7) Insurance income. For purposes of this section, income derived from or attributable to insurance of section 907(c)(2) activities means taxable income as defined in section 832(a) and as modified by the principles of Sec. 1.953-4 (other than as the section is applied to life insurance). (8) Fuel product. For purposes of this section, the term ``fuel product'' means oil, gas or a primary product of oil or gas. (9) Effective date. The provisions of section 954(g) and this section are applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning on or after January 1, 1983, and to taxable years of United States shareholders in which or with which those taxable years of foreign corporations end. [[Page 313]] (b) Exemption for small oil producers--(1) In general. Foreign base company oil related income does not include any income of a foreign corporation which is not a large oil producer. (2) Large oil producer. A corporation is a large oil producer (within the meaning of section 954(g)(2)) if the average daily production (extraction) of foreign crude oil and natural gas by the related group which includes the corporation and related persons (within the meaning of section 954(d)(3)) for the taxable year or immediately preceding taxable year is 1,000 or more barrels. The average daily production of foreign crude oil or natural gas for any taxable year (and the conversion of cubic feet of natural gas into barrels) is determined under rules similar to the rules of section 613A, except that only crude oil or natural gas from a well located outside the United States is taken into account. (c) Special rules for applying the extraction exception of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section--(1) Refining income described in section 907(c)(2)(A). With regard to a controlled foreign corporation's refining income from the processing of minerals extracted (by the taxpayer or by any other person) from oil or gas wells into their primary products, as described in section 907(c)(2)(A), a pro rata method will be applied for purposes of determining the part of the refining income that qualifies for the extraction exception of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. The pro rata method will be based on the proportion that the barrels of the fuel product extracted in the country of processing bears to the total barrels of the fuel product processed in that country and will apply regardless of the country of sale of the primary product. (2) Marketing income described in section 907(c)(2)(C). With regard to a controlled foreign corporation's marketing income from the distribution or sale of minerals extracted from oil or gas wells or of primary products, as described in section 907(c)(2)(C), a pro rata method will be applied for purposes of determining the part of the marketing income that qualifies for the extraction exception of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. When applying the pro rata method to the sale of a fuel product other than a primary product, the pro rata method will be based on the proportion that the barrels of the fuel product extracted in the country of sale bears to the total barrels of the fuel product sold in that country. When applying the pro rata method to the sale of primary products, the method will be based on the proportion that the barrels of the fuel product extracted in the country of sale bears to the total barrels of the fuel product processed. For purposes of applying the pro rata method, data of the controlled foreign corporation's related group (as defined in section 954(g)(2)(C)) will be taken into account. The pro rata method will not apply, however, if the mineral or primary product is purchased by the controlled foreign corporation from a person not within the controlled foreign corporation's related group. In that situation, the marketing income will be presumed to qualify for the extraction exception if the country of the source of the marketing income is a net exporter of crude oil or gas, whichever is relevant. If the country of the source of the marketing income is not a net exporter of crude oil or gas, whichever is relevant, the marketing income will be presumed not to qualify for the extraction exception. The controlled foreign corporation may, however, rebut this latter presumption by demonstrating on the basis of all the facts and circumstances that its marketing income does qualify for the extraction exception. If a primary product that is acquired from a person within the controlled foreign corporation's related group is commingled with like products acquired from persons not within that related group, the pro rata method based on the proportion that the barrels of the fuel product extracted in the country of sale bears to the total barrels of the fuel product processed will be applied to that portion of the total products sold that was purchased from persons within the related group, to the extent that that person did not sell product purchased from an unrelated person, and either the presumption or facts and circumstances will determine the characterization of the remainder. [[Page 314]] (3) Transportation income described in section 907(c)(2)(B). With regard to a controlled foreign corporation's income from the transportation of minerals from oil and gas wells or of primary products, as described in section 907(c)(2)(B), the rules set forth in paragraph (c)(2) of this section will apply for purposes of determining the part of the transportation income that qualifies for the extraction exception of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. (4) Illustrations. The following examples illustrate the application of this paragraph. Example 1. Controlled foreign corporation M has a refinery in foreign country A that refines 250x barrels of oil during its taxable year beginning in 1984. It is determined that 125x barrels of its 250x barrels were extracted in country A. M sold 150x barrels of its 250x barrels in country A for consumption in country A which resulted in $225x of income from refining and $225x of marketing income, as described in section 907(c)(2)(C). M also sold within foreign country B, for consumption in country B, 100x barrels of its 250x barrels which resulted in an additional $150x of income from refining for M and $170x of marketing income for M. The 100x barrels sold by M within country B, a contiguous country, were transported from M's refinery in country A to country B by a pipeline which is owned by M, and M recognized a total of $10x of income from the transportation of the 100x barrels. Of this $10x, $8x was recognized in country A and $2x was recognized in country B. Under the source of income rules of paragraph (a)(2) of this section, income from refining is considered derived from the country in which the refining occurs and not from the country where the sale of the refined product occurs. (i) M's refining income. M has $75x of foreign base company oil related income with respect to its refining of the 250x barrels, determined as follows: (A) Total amount of income from refining attributable to oil refined in country A by M$375x..................................................... (B) Amount of income from refining with respect to oil sold for consumption ($225x) in country A (use or consumption exception under paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section(225x).............................. (C) Pro rate amount of income from refining attributable to sales in country B considered extracted from country A ($150x times 125x barrels/ 250x barrels) (extraction exception under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section(75x)............................................................ (D) Foreign base company oil related income$75x......................... (ii) M's marketing income. M does not have foreign base company oil related income with respect to its sale of the 100x barrels in country B and 150x barrels in country A because the $170x and $225x, respectively, of marketing income was derived from the country in which the oil was sold for consumption (an exception under paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section). (iii) M's transportation income. M does not have foreign base company oil related income with respect to its $2x of pipeline transportation income recognized in country B because the income was derived from the country in which the 100x barrels were sold for consumption, an exception under paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. With regard to the $8x of pipeline transportation income recognized in country A, however, M has $4x of foreign base company oil related income since of the total barrels refined in country A (250x) only one-half were extracted in that country. Therefore, only one-half of the transportation income qualifies for the extraction exception of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. (iv) M's extraction income. M does not have foreign base company oil related income for its extraction activity because extraction income is excluded in all events. See section 954(g)(1)(A). Example 2. Assume the same facts as in Example 1 except that M sold all of the 250x barrels of refined oil in country A. In addition, assume that country A is a net exporter of crude oil. As in Example 1, M sold 150x barrels for consumption in country A with the same resulting income. M sold in country A the remaining 100x barrels to unrelated controlled foreign corporation N which resulted in an additional $150x of income from refining for M and $170x of marketing income for M. N immediately resold in country A for export those 100x barrels. N did not commingle the 100x barrels with any other refined oil. N earned $10x of marketing income on that sale. (i) M's refining income. M has $75x foreign base company oil related income with respect to its refining of the 250x barrels determined as follows: (A) Total amount of income from refining attributable to oil refined in country A by M$375x..................................................... (B) Amount of income from refining with respect to oil sold for consumption ($225x) in country A (use or consumption exception under paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section)(225x)............................. (C) Pro rata amount of income from refining attributable to sales in country A (for consumption outside of country A) considered extracted from country A ($150x [[Page 315]] times 125x barrels/250x barrels) (extraction exception under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section)(75x)......................................... (D) Foreign base company oil related income$75x......................... (ii) M's marketing income. M does not have foreign base company oil related income with respect to its marketing income from the sale of the 150x barrels in country A because the $225x of marketing income was derived from the country in which the oil was sold for consumption (an exception under paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section). M has $85x of foreign base company oil related income with respect to its marketing income from sale to N of the 100x barrels, determined as follows: (A) Total amount of marketing income from the sale$170x................. (B) Pro rata amount of marketing income attributable to oil product considered extracted in country A ($170x times 125x barrels/250x barrels) (extraction exception under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section)(85x)........................................................... (C) Foreign base company oil related income$85x......................... (iii) N's marketing income. N is not related to M. Therefore, since N sold the 100x barrels in country A, a net exporter of crude oil, and since N did not commingle the 100x barrels with other refined products, it is presumed that all of the 100x barrels were extracted in country A. Accordingly, all of N's $10x of marketing income is excepted under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. Example 3. Assume the same facts as in Example 2 except that N is related to M. Characterization of M's income remains the same as in Example 2. N will have, however, $5x of foreign base company oil related income with regard to its marketing income, determined as follows: (i) Total amount of marketing income from the sale$10x.................. (ii) Pro rata amount of marketing income considered extracted from country A ($10x times 125x barrels/250x barrels) (extraction exception under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section)5x............................ (iii) Foreign base company oil related income$5x........................ Example 4. Assume that controlled foreign corporation M has a refinery in foreign country A that refines 200x barrels of oil during its taxable year beginning in 1984. It is determined that 100x barrels of that oil were extracted in country A and that the other 100x barrels were extracted in country B. Neither country A nor country B is a net exporter of crude oil. In addition, M purchased from an unrelated country A refiner 100x barrels of already refined oil. M does not know where this oil was extracted. These 100x barrels of purchased refined oil were commingled with the 200x barrels of refined oil from M's refinery. M sold 225x barrels of refined oil in country A for consumption in country A which resulted in $250x of income from refining and $225x of marketing income. M sold within foreign country B for consumption outside of country B 75x barrels of refined oil which resulted in $100x of income from refining and $75x of marketing income. The refined product was transported between country A and country B by an unrelated person. (i) M's refining income. With regard to the sales in country A, M has $50x of foreign base company oil related income with respect to its refining of the 100x barrels, determined as follows: (A) Total amount of income from refining attributable to oil refined in country A by M$350x..................................................... (B) Amount of income from refining with respect to oil sold for consumption in country A ($250x) (use or consumption exception under paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section)(250x)............................. (C) Pro rata amount of income from refining attributable to sales in country B considered extracted from country A ($100x times 100x barrels/ 200x barrels) (extraction exception under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section)(50x)........................................................... (D) Foreign base company oil related income$50x......................... (ii) M's marketing income. Since the barrels from M's refinery and those that M purchased were commingled, a portion, as follows, of the marketing income is deemed to derive from both purchased and refined products. Since M refined 200x barrels and purchased 100x barrels, its marketing income of $225x from the sale of the 225x barrels in country A for consumption in country A will be deemed to consist of $150x (200x/ 300x x $225x) from the sale of products refined by M and $75x (100x/300x x $225x) from the sale of purchased products. Likewise, its marketing income of $75x from the sale of the 75x barrels in country B for consumption outside of country B will be deemed to consist of $50x (200x/300x x $75x) from the sale of products refined by M and $25x (100x/300x x $75x) from the sale of purchased products. (A) Purchased products. M is considered as having $75x of marketing income from the sale of purchased products in country A for consumption in country A. None of this marketing income is foreign base company oil related income since the marketing income is earned in country A, the country of consumption. See paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. All of the $25x of M's marketing income from the sale of purchased products in country B will be foreign base company oil related income. The exception at paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section does not apply since [[Page 316]] the refined oil is not sold for use or consumption in country B. Likewise, the extraction exception under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section does not apply. The purchased product cannot be presumed to be extracted in country B since country B is not a net exporter of crude oil. In addition, M cannot show, on a facts and circumstances basis, that purchased products were refined from crude oil extracted in country B. (B) Products refined by M. With regard to M's marketing income attributable to the sale of products refined by M, M does not have any foreign base company oil related income with regard to its $150x of marketing income in country A since that income was derived from the country in which the oil was sold for consumption (the use or consumption exception under paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section). M has $25x of foreign base company oil related income with regard to its $50x of marketing income in country B determined as follows: (1) Total amount of income from marketing attributable to oil refined by M and sold in country B$50x............................................. (2) Pro rata amount of income from marketing attributable to sales in country B considered extracted from country B ($50x times 100x barrels/ 200x barrels) (extraction exception under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section)(25x)........................................................... (3) Foreign base company oil related income$25x......................... [T.D. 8331, 56 FR 2847, Jan. 25, 1991; 56 FR 11511, Mar. 19, 1991]