[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 26, Volume 18]
[Revised as of April 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 26CFR301.6362-6]

[Page 326-330]
 
                       TITLE 26--INTERNAL REVENUE
 
    CHAPTER I--INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY 
                               (CONTINUED)
 
PART 301_PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION--Table of Contents
 
               Seizure of Property for Collection of Taxes
 
Sec. 301.6362-6  Requirements relating to residence.

    (a) In general. A tax imposed by a State meets the requirements of 
section 6362(e) and this section if in effect it provides that:
    (1) The State of residence of an individual, estate, or trust is 
determined according to paragraph (1), (2), or (3) respectively, of 
section 6362(e), and according to paragraph (b), (c), or (d), 
respectively, of this section.
    (2) The liability for a resident tax imposed by such State upon an 
individual or trust which changes residence to another State in the 
taxable year is determined according to section 6362(e)(4) and paragraph 
(e) of this section.
    (3) The rules relating to current collection of tax apply as 
provided in section 6362(e)(5) and paragraph (f) of this section.
    (b) Residence of an individual--(1) In general. Except as otherwise 
provided in subparagraph (5) of this paragraph (b), an individual is 
treated as a resident of a State with respect to a taxable year only if:
    (i) His principal place of residence (as defined in subparagraph (2) 
of this paragraph (b)) is within such State for a period of at least 135 
consecutive days, at least 30 days of which are in such taxable year; or
    (ii) In the case of a citizen or resident of the United States who 
is not a resident of any State (determined as provided in subdivision 
(i) of this subparagraph) with respect to such taxable year, his 
domicile (as defined in subparagraph (3) of this paragraph (b)) is in 
such State for at least 30 days during such taxable year.

With respect to an individual who is a resident (determined as provided 
in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph) of more than one State during a 
taxable year, see paragraph (e) of this section.
    (2) Principal place of residence--(i) Definition. For purposes of 
subparagraph (1)(i) of this paragraph (b), and paragraph (d)(4) of this 
section, the term ``principal place of residence'' shall mean the place 
which is an individual's primary home. An individual's temporary absence 
from his primary home shall not effect a change with respect thereto. On 
the other hand, if an individual moves to another State, other than as a 
mere transient or sojourner, he shall be treated as having changed the 
location of his primary home.
    (ii) Examples. The application of this subparagraph may be 
illustrated by the following examples:

    Example 1. A has a city home and a country home. He resides in the 
city home for 7 months of the year and uses the address of that home as 
his legal residence for purposes of driver's license, automobile 
registration, and voter registration. He resides in the country home 5 
months of the year. His city home is considered his principal place of 
residence.
    Example 2. During the taxable year, B, a construction worker, is 
employed at several different locations in different States. The 
duration of each job on which he is employed ranges from a few weeks to 
several months, and he knows when he accepts a job what its approximate 
duration will be. He owns a house in State X which he uses as his legal 
residence for purposes of driver's license, automobile registration, and 
voter registration. In addition, his family lives there during the 
entire year, and B lives there during periods between jobs. However, the 
duration of the jobs and the distance between the job-sites and his 
house require him to live in the localities of the respective job-sites 
during the period of his employment, although occasionally he returns to 
his house in State X on weekends. B's house in State X is his principal 
place of residence during all of the taxable year.
    Example 3. C, a dependent of his parents who are residents of State 
X, is a full-time student in a 4-year degree program at a college in 
State Y. During the 9-month academic year, C lives on the college 
campus, but he returns to his parents' home in State X for the summer 
recess. C gives the State Y as his residence for purposes of his 
driver's license and voter registration, but lists the address of his 
parents' home in State X as his ``permanent address'' on the records of 
the college which he attends. Although C's domicile remains at his 
parents' home in State X, his presence in State Y cannot be regarded as 
that of a mere transient or sojourner; accordingly, C's principal place 
of residence is in State Y for that portion of the taxable year during 
which he attends college.
    Example 4. D loses his job in State X, where he lived and worked for 
many years. After a series of unsuccessful attempts to find other 
employment in State X, he accepts a job in State Y. D gives up his 
apartment in State X and moves to State Y upon commencing his

[[Page 327]]

new job; however, he intends to continue to explore available employment 
opportunities in State X so that he may return there as soon as an 
opportunity to do so arises. D changes his principal place of residence 
when he moves to State Y.

    (3) Domicile defined. For purposes of subparagraph (1)(ii) of this 
paragraph (b), and paragraph (d)(4) of this section, the term 
``domicile'' shall mean an individual's fixed or permanent home. An 
individual acquires a domicile in a place by living there; even for a 
brief period of time, with no definite present intention of later 
removing therefrom. Residence without the requisite intention to remain 
indefinitely will not suffice to change domicile, nor will intention to 
change domicile effect such a change until accompanied by actual 
removal. A domicile, once acquired, is maintained until a new domicile 
is acquired.
    (4) Period of residence--(i) General rule. An individual who becomes 
a resident of a State pursuant to subparagraph (1) of this paragraph 
(b), or who is at the beginning of a taxable year a resident of a State 
pursuant to such provision, shall be treated as continuing to be a 
resident of such State through the end of the taxable year, unless, 
prior thereto, such individual becomes a resident, under the principles 
of subparagraph (1), of another State or a possession or foreign 
country. In the event that the individual becomes a resident of such 
another jurisdiction prior to the end of the taxable year, his residence 
in such State shall be treated as ending on the day prior to the day on 
which he becomes a resident of such other jurisdiction pursuant to 
subparagraph (1).
    (ii) Examples. The application of this subparagraph may be 
illustrated by the following examples:

    Example 1. A, a calendar-year taxpayer, has his principal place of 
residence in State X from the beginning of 1976 through August 1, 1976, 
when he gives up pemanently such principal place of residence. He spends 
the remainder of 1976 traveling outside of the United States, but does 
not become a resident of any other country. A is considered to be a 
resident of State X for the entire year 1976.
    Example 2. Assume the same facts as in example 1, except that A 
ceases his traveling and establishes his principal place of residence in 
State Y on November 15, 1976. Assume, also, that A maintains that 
principal place of residence for more than 135 consecutive days. Under 
these circumstances, for his taxable year 1976, A is considered to be a 
resident of State X from January 1 through November 14, and a resident 
of State Y from November 15 through December 31.

    (5) Special rules. (i) No provision of subchapter E or the 
regulations thereunder shall be construed to require or authorize the 
treatment of a Senator, Representative, Delegate, or Resident 
Commissioner as a resident of a State other than the State which he 
represents in Congress.
    (ii) For special rules relating to members of the Armed Forces, see 
paragraph (h) of Sec. 301.6362-7.
    (6) Examples. The application of this paragraph may be illustrated 
by the following examples:

    Example 1. A, a calendar-year taxpayer, maintains his principal 
place of residence in State X from December 1, 1976, through April 15, 
1977. Assuming that A was not a resident of any other jurisdiction at 
any time during 1976, A is treated as a resident of State X for the 
entire year 1976. Such result would obtain even if A was absent from 
State X on vacation for some portion of December 1976. Moreover, such 
result would obtain even if it is assumed that A was a domiciliary of 
State Y from January 1, 1976, through April 15, 1977, because an 
individual's domicile does not determine his residence so long as 
residence in one State for the taxable year can be determined from the 
general rule stated in the first sentence of paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section.
    Example 2. Assume the same facts as in example 1 (including the fact 
of A's domicile in State Y), except that A maintained his principal 
place of residence in State Z from September 15, 1975, through January 
31, 1976, inclusive. With respect to the year 1976, A is treated as a 
resident of State Z from January 1 through November 30, and as a 
resident of State X from December 1 through December 31. A's liability 
for the qualified taxes of the respective States for 1976 shall be 
determined pursuant to the provisions in paragraph (e) of this section.

    (c) Residence of an estate. An estate of an individual is treated as 
a resident of the last State of which such individual was a resident, as 
determined under the rules of paragraph (b) of this section, prior to 
his death. However, the estate of an individual who was not a resident 
of any State (as determined without regard to the 30-day requirement in 
paragraph (b)(1) of this section) immediately prior to his death,

[[Page 328]]

and who was not a resident of any State at any time during the 3-year 
period ending on the date of his death, is not treated as a resident of 
any State. For purposes of determining the decedent's last State of 
residence, the rules of paragraph (b) shall be applied irrespective of 
whether subchapter E was in effect at the time the period of 135 
consecutive days of residence began, or whether the decedent's last 
State of residence is a State electing to enter into an agreement 
pursuant to subchapter E. The determination of the State of residence of 
an estate pursuant to this paragraph shall not be governed by any 
determination under State law as to which State is treated as the 
residence or domicile of the decedent for purposes other than its 
individual income tax (such as liability for State inheritance tax or 
jurisdiction of probate proceedings).
    (d) Residence of a trust--(1) In general. (i) The State of residence 
of a trust shall be determined by reference to the circumstances of the 
individual who, by either an inter-vivos transfer or a testamentary 
transfer, is deemed to be the ``principal contributor'' to the trust 
under the provisions of subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph.
    (ii) If only one individual has ever contributed assets to the 
trust, including the assets which were transferred to the trust at its 
inception, then such individual is the principal contributor to the 
trust. However, if on any day subsequent to the initial creation of the 
trust, such trust receives assets having a value greater than the 
aggregate value of all assets theretofore contributed to it, then the 
trust shall be deemed (for the limited purpose of determining the State 
of residence) to have been ``created'' anew, and the individual who on 
the day of such creation contributed more (in value) than any other 
individual contributed on that day shall become the principal 
contributor to the trust. When a trust is created anew, all references 
in this paragraph to the creation of the trust shall be construed as 
referring to the most recent creation. For purposes of this paragraph, 
the value of any asset shall be its fair market value on the day that it 
was contributed to the trust; any subsequent appreciation or 
depreciation in the value of the asset shall be disregarded.
    (2) Testamentary trust. A trust with respect to which a deceased 
individual is the principal contributor by reason of property passing on 
his death is treated as a resident of the last State of which such 
individual was a resident, as determined under the rules of paragraph 
(b) of this section, before his death. However, if such deceased 
individual was not a resident of any State (as determined without regard 
to the 30-day requirement in paragraph (b)(1) of this section) 
immediately prior to his death, and was not a resident of any State at 
any time during the 3-year period ending on the date of his death, then 
a testamentary trust of which he is the principal contributor by reason 
of property passing on his death is not treated as a resident of any 
State. All property passing on the transferor's death is treated for 
this purpose as a contribution made to the trust on the date of death, 
regardless of when the property is actually paid over to the trust.
    (3) Nontestamentary trust. A trust which is not a trust described in 
subparagraph (2) of this paragraph (d), is treated as a resident of the 
State in which the principal contributor to the trust, during the 3-year 
period ending on the date of the creation of the trust, had his 
principal place of residence for an aggregate number of days longer than 
the aggregate number of days he had his principal place of residence in 
any other State. However, if the principal contributor to such a trust 
was not a resident of any State at any time during such 3-year period, 
then the trust is not treated as a resident of any State.
    (4) Special rules. If the application of the provisions of the 
foregoing subparagraphs of this paragraph results in a determination of 
more than one State of residence for a trust, or does not provide a rule 
by which the residence or nonresidence of the trust can be determined, 
then the determination of the State of residence of such trust shall be 
made according to the rules of the applicable subdivision of this 
subparagraph.
    (i) If, at the time of creation of the trust, 50 percent or more in 
value of

[[Page 329]]

the trust corpus consists of real property, then the trust shall be 
treated as a resident of the State in which more of the real property 
(in value) which was in the trust at such time was located than any 
other State.
    (ii) If, at the time of creation of the trust, less than 50 percent 
in value of the trust corpus consists of real property, then the trust 
shall be treated as a resident of the State in which, at such time, the 
trustee, if an individual, had his principal place of residence, or, if 
a corporation, had its principal place of business. If there were two or 
more trustees, then the foregoing sentence shall be applied by reference 
to the principal places of residence, or of business, of the majority of 
trustees who had authority to make investment and other management 
decisions for the trust.
    (iii) If, after application of the provisions of subdivisions (i) 
and (ii) of this subparagraph, the State of residence of the trust still 
cannot be ascertained, then the Commissioner of Internal Revenue shall 
determine the State of residence of such trust for purposes of qualified 
taxes. Such determination shall be made by reference to the number of 
significant contacts each State had with the trust at the time of its 
creation. Significant contacts shall include the principal place of 
residence of the principal contributor or contributors to the trust, the 
principal place of residence or business of the trustee (or trustees), 
the situs of the assets of which the trust corpus was composed, and the 
location from which management decisions emanated with respect to the 
business and investment interests of the trusts.
    (5) Examples. The application of this paragraph may be illustrated 
by the following examples:

    Example 1. A created a trust in 1950 by transferring to it certain 
stock in a corporation. At the time of such transfer, the stock had a 
fair market value of $1,000. A at all relevant times had his principal 
place of residence in State X, and accordingly the trust is treated as a 
resident of such State for qualified tax purposes. As of January 1, 
1977, the stock originally contributed by A, which was at all times the 
only property in the trust, has a fair market value of $3,000. On such 
date, B, who has had his principal place of residence in State Y for 
more than 3 years, contributes to the trust property having a fair 
market value of $1,200. For purposes of determining the identity of the 
principal contributor to the trust and the State of residence of the 
trust, the stock contributed by A in 1950 continues to be valued for 
such purposes at $1,000. Thus, the trust is treated as being created 
anew on January 1, 1977, with B as the principal contributor, and with 
State Y as its State of residence.
    Example 2. C has his principal place of residence in State X 
continuously for many years, until August 1, 1978, when he establishes 
his principal place of residence in State Y. The change of residence is 
intended to be permanent, and C has no further contact with State X 
after such change. On January 1, 1980, C creates a nontestamentary 
trust. During the 3-year period ending on such date C had his principal 
place of residence in State X for 576 days, and in State Y for 519 days. 
Therefore, the trust is treated as a resident of State X.

    (e) Liability for tax on change of residence during taxable year--
(1) In general. If, under the principles contained in paragraph (b) or 
(d) of this section, an individual or trust becomes a resident, or 
ceases to be a resident, of a State, and is also a resident of another 
jurisdiction outside of such State during the same taxable year, the 
liability of such individual or trust for the resident tax of such State 
shall be determined by multiplying the amount which would be his or its 
liability for tax (computed after allowing the nonrefundable credits 
(i.e., credits not corresponding to the credits referred to in section 
6401(b) available against the tax)) if he or it had been a resident of 
such State for the entire taxable year by a fraction, the numerator of 
which is the number of days he or it was a resident of such State during 
the taxable year, and the denominator of which is the total number of 
days in the taxable year. The preceding sentence shall not apply by 
reason of the fact that an individual is born or dies during the taxable 
year, or by reason of the fact that a trust comes into existence or 
ceases to exist during the taxable year.
    (2) Residence determined by domicile. When an individual is treated 
as a resident of a State by reason of being domiciled in such State, 
pursuant to paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section, then the numerator of 
the fraction provided in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph (e),

[[Page 330]]

shall be the number of days the individual was domiciled in the State 
during the taxable year.
    (3) Example. The application of this paragraph may be illustrated by 
the following example:

    Example. A, a calendar-year taxpayer, is a resident of State X 
continuously for many years prior to March 15, 1977. On such date, A 
retires and establishes a new principal place of residence in State Y. A 
earns $6,000 in 1977 prior to March 15, but receives no taxable income 
for the remainder of such year. If A had been a resident of State X for 
the entire taxable year 1977, his liability with respect to the 
qualified tax of such State (computed after allowing the nonrefundable 
credits available against the tax) would be $600. If he had been a 
resident of State Y for the entire taxable year 1977, his liability with 
respect to the qualified tax on that State (computed similarly) would be 
$400. Pursuant to the provisions in paragraph (e) of this section, A's 
liabilities for State qualified taxes for 1977 are as follows:

Liability for State X tax=$600 x73/365=$120

Liability for State Y Tax=$400x292/365=$320.

    (f) Current collection of tax. The State tax laws shall contain 
provisions for methods of current collection with respect to individuals 
which correspond to the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 
with respect to such current collection, including chapter 24 (relating 
to the collection of income tax at source on wages) and sections 6015, 
6073, 6153, and other provisions of the Code relating to declarations 
(and amendments thereto) and payments of estimated income tax. Except as 
otherwise provided by Federal statute (see paragraphs (h), (i), and (j) 
of Sec. 301.6362-7), in applying such provisions of the State tax laws:
    (1) In the case of a resident tax, an individual shall be subject to 
the current collection provisions if either--
    (i) He is a resident of the State within the meaning of paragraph 
(b) of this section, or
    (ii) He has his principal place of residence (as defined in 
paragraph (b)(2) of this section) within the State,

And it is reasonable to expect him to have it within the State for 30 
days or more during the taxable year.
    (2) In the case of a nonresident tax, an individual shall be subject 
to the current collection provisions if he does not meet either 
description relating to an individual in subparagraph (1) of this 
paragraph (f), if he is not exempt from liability for the tax by reason 
for a reciprocal agreement between the State of which he is a resident 
and the State imposing the tax, and if it is reasonable to expect him to 
receive wage or other business income derived from sources within the 
State imposing the tax (as defined in paragraph (d) of Sec. 301.6362-5) 
for services performed on 30 days or more of the taxable year.

For additional rules relating to withholding see paragraph (d) of Sec. 
301.6361-1.

[T.D. 7577, 43 FR 59369, Dec. 20, 1978]